1. How to write
paragraph with adequate and inadequate cohesion.
The way that textual cohesion is achieved
is best learned through paying close attention to the way sentences are linked
in texts. There are a variety of cohesive devices, both lexical and
grammatical, of which linkers (and, so ,but) are just one. (For a
comprehensive list, see the entry under cohesion in An A-Z of ELT,
Macmillan, 2006). Cutting (short) texts up and asking learners to order them is
a good way of drawing attention to the way that they are linked. I am fond of
using short articles from children's encyclopedias. Identifying lexical
chains in texts - that is, repetitions, the use of synonyms and hyponyms, and
words from the same lexical field - is also a useful way of alerting learners
to the key role that lexis has in binding a text together.
2. Tell more about
cohesion.
Cohesion is a formal feature of texts
(it gives them their texture), while coherence is "in the eye of
the beholder" - that is to say, it is the extent to which the reader (or
listener) is able to infer the writer's (or speaker's) communicative
intentions. Thus, cohesion is objectively verifiable, while coherence is more subjective.
3.
The
difference between coherence and cohesion.
The exact relationship between cohesion
and coherence is a matter of contention, however. While it is true that a
sequence of unlinked utterances can make sense, it is often the case
that some form of linking, e.g. with cohesive devices such as and, but, so,
can make it easier for the reader (or listener) to process and to make sense of
what they read (or hear). Nevertheless, a text which is basically poorly
organised is not going to be made more coherent simply by peppering it with moreover,
however and notwithstanding. The following text (devised by the writer on
writing, Ann Raimes) is an example of a text that is "over-egged"
with cohesive markers, and which is typical of the kind of texts that many
students produce as a result of an over-emphasis on linking devices at the
expense of other ways of making texts cohesive (of which probably the most
important is lexis).
4.
Analyze
paragraph
Who am I?
Hi, my
name is Aprilia Dwi Jayanti. I was born on april, 1st 1995. Now, I
am 19 years old. I live in hargomulyo city but i live in my boarding house in
Banjarrejo 38b. I live with my parents and my brother. My father’s name is Tumijan,
my mother’s name is Tugiyati and my brother’s name is Tegar Tri Setiawan. I was studying at Muhammadiyah University of Metro. So,my father
told me to stay in the boarding house.(Adequate cohesion : because sentence interconnected (and,
but, so)
I'm medium average in size, and incredibly skinny. I look like a junior high school-aged children because my body is not
too high and not too short. I have brown eyes, squinty eye, medium black hair,
medium nose, and brown skin. I'm a very nice girl, honest, friendly, humble,
and many more. My neighbors and my friends
said that I am a girl who is friendly and easy to get along
in the community but sometimes there are people who
think I'm an arrogant. I don't know why, perhaps
because they don't know me very well. I usually fill my free time with my hobby
very much at all. such as shopping, sightseeing, going to the place that reconciles
the liver, gather with family, watching tv, hanging out with friends. The most interesting
hobby is to write something that is a barrier from within myself to a piece of
paper or diary. Because I think to write down what it will make a felt myself
to be more relieved. (Cohesion)
That’s all about me. I'm not very
good at describing myself, these are all examples I've received from my
closest friends. (Adequate cohesion, because this is the summary from all the paragraph)
