Task 3

1.      How to write paragraph with adequate and inadequate cohesion.

The way that textual cohesion is achieved is best learned through paying close attention to the way sentences are linked in texts. There are a variety of cohesive devices, both lexical and grammatical, of which linkers (and, so ,but) are just one. (For a comprehensive list, see the entry under cohesion in An A-Z of ELT, Macmillan, 2006). Cutting (short) texts up and asking learners to order them is a good way of drawing attention to the way that they are linked. I am fond of using short articles from children's encyclopedias.  Identifying lexical chains in texts - that is, repetitions, the use of synonyms and hyponyms, and words from the same lexical field - is also a useful way of alerting learners to the key role that lexis has in binding a text together.

2.      Tell more about cohesion.

Cohesion is a formal feature of texts (it gives them their texture), while coherence is "in the eye of the beholder" - that is to say, it is the extent to which the reader (or listener) is able to infer the writer's (or speaker's) communicative intentions. Thus, cohesion is objectively verifiable, while coherence is more subjective.

3.    The difference between coherence and cohesion.

The exact relationship between cohesion and coherence is a matter of contention, however. While it is true that a sequence of unlinked utterances can make sense, it is often the case that some form of linking, e.g. with cohesive devices such as and, but, so, can make it easier for the reader (or listener) to process and to make sense of what they read (or hear).  Nevertheless, a text which is basically poorly organised is not going to be made more coherent simply by peppering it with moreover, however and notwithstanding. The following text (devised by the writer on writing, Ann Raimes) is an example of a text that is "over-egged" with cohesive markers, and which is typical of the kind of texts that many students produce as a result of an over-emphasis on linking devices at the expense of other ways of making texts cohesive (of which probably the most important is lexis).

4.    Analyze paragraph

Who am I?

            Hi, my name is Aprilia Dwi Jayanti. I was born on april, 1^st 1995. Now, I am 19 years old. I live in hargomulyo city but i live in my boarding house in Banjarrejo 38b. I live with my parents and my brother. My father’s name is Tumijan, my mother’s name is Tugiyati and my brother’s name is Tegar Tri Setiawan. I was studying at Muhammadiyah University of Metro. So,my father  told me to stay in the boarding house.(Adequate cohesion : because sentence interconnected (and, but, so)

I'm medium average in size, and incredibly skinny. I look like a junior high school-aged children because my body is not too high and not too short. I have brown eyes, squinty eye, medium black hair, medium nose, and brown skin. I'm a very nice girl, honest, friendly, humble, and many more. My neighbors and my friends said that I am a girl who is friendly and easy to get along in the community but sometimes there are people who think I'm an arrogant. I don't know why, perhaps because they don't know me very well. I usually fill my free time with my hobby very much at all. such as shopping, sightseeing, going to the place that reconciles the liver, gather with family, watching tv, hanging out with friends. The most interesting hobby is to write something that is a barrier from within myself to a piece of paper or diary. Because I think to write down what it will make a felt myself to be more relieved.   (Cohesion)

That’s all about me. I'm not very good at describing myself, these are all examples I've received from my closest friends.   (Adequate cohesion, because this is the summary from all the paragraph)